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This list provides an inventory of character coding standards mainly before modern standards like [[ISO/IEC 646]] etc. Some of these standards have been deeply involved in historic events that still have consequences. One notable example of this is the [[ITA2]] coding used during World War II (1939–1945). The nature of these standards is not as common knowledge like it is for [[ASCII]] or [[EBCDIC]] or their slang names. While 8-bit is the de facto standard as of 2016,{{Citation needed|reason=Need external verification of when this change was recognized and generally accepted, i.e. not just when 8-bit encoding became available, but when it became the predominant encoding, e.g. when did email generally stop requiring 7-bit encoding compatibility, or is it still the generally prevalent practice to assume that it still does (requires 8-bit transmission, client/server stack, and 8-bit aware data encoding and/or conversion of prior formats if required)|date=October 2019}} in the past 5-bit and 6-bit were more prevalent or their multiple.

{|class="wikitable sortable" 
! Code
! Introduction
! Width
! Usage
|-
| [[Morse code]]
| c. 1837–1840
| varies
| [[Electrical telegraph]]s
|-
| [[Baudot code]] / [[ITA1]]
| 1870
| 5 bits
| Piano-like telegraph operation, [[SIGCUM]] cipher operation
|-
| [[Chinese telegraph code]]
| 1881
| 4 digits
| Chinese telegraph communications
|-
| [[Murray code]]
| 1901
| 5 bits
| Machine run telegraph operation using punched paper, moved optimization from minimal operator fatigue to minimal machinery wear
|-
| [[ITA2]]
| 1924<ref name="BruXy_2005"/>
| 5 bits
| Teletypewrite, [[Telecommunications devices for the deaf]] (TDD), [[Telex]], [[Amateur radio]], [[Radioteletype]] (RTTY), Financial info by [[Deutsche Börse]],<ref name="Boerse_2010"/> [[Enigma machine]] and [[Siemens and Halske T52|T52]] during WWII
|-
| [[BCDIC]]
| 1928
| 6 bits
| Introduced with the [[Punched card|IBM card]]
|-
| [[FIELDATA]]
| 1956{{cn|reason=Some sources state 1957 rather than 1956. Research the truth. |date=November 2016}}
| 6/7 bits
| Battlefield information (USA)
|-
| [[CDC display code]]
| 1963
| 6 bits
| [[Control Data Corporation]] computers
|-
| [[DEC SIXBIT]]/[[ECMA-1]]
| 1963
| 6 bits
| Digital Equipment
|-
| [[EBCDIC]]
| 1963
| 8 bits
| [[IBM]] computers
|-
| [[ASCII]]
| data-sort-value="1963"|1963-06-17 ([[ASA X3.4-1963]])<ref name="Mackenzie_1980"/><ref name="ASCII-1963"/><ref name="Winter_2010"/><ref name="Salste_2016"/>
| 7 bits
| [[Teleprinter]]s and computers; original definition of ASCII
|-
| [[GOST 10859]]
| 1964
| 4/5/6/7 bits
| [[Soviet Union]]
|-
| [[ECMA-6]]
| data-sort-value="1965"|1965-04-30
| 7 bits
| ASCII localization
|-
| [[ISO 646]]
| data-sort-value="1967"|1967 ([[ISO/R646-1967]])<ref name="Mackenzie_1980"/>
| 7 bits
| ASCII localization
|-
| [[ASCII]]
| data-sort-value="1967"|1967 ([[USAS X3.4-1967]])<ref name="Mackenzie_1980"/><ref name="ASCII-1967"/><ref name="Salste_2016"/>
| 7 bits
| Close to "modern" definition of ASCII
|-
| [[Transcode (character encoding)|Transcode]]
| 1967
| 7 bits
| IBM data transmission terminal [[IBM 2780|2780]], [[IBM 3780|3780]]
|-
| [[Recommendation V.3]] [[International Alphabet No. 5|IA5]]
| 1968
| 7 bits
|
|-
| [[MARC-8]]
| 1968
| 7 bits
| Library computer systems
|-
| [[Braille ASCII]]
| 1969
| 6/7 bits
| Tactile print for blind persons
|-
| [[JIS X 0201]]
| 1969
| 6/7 bits
| First Japanese electronic character set
|-
| [[ECMA-48]]
| 1972
| 7 bits
| Terminal text manipulation and colors
|-
| [[ISO/IEC 8859]]
| 1987
| 8 bits
| International codes
|-
| [[ISO/IEC 10646]] ([[Unicode]])
| 1991
| data-sort-value="21"|21 bits usable, packed into 8/16/32-bit code units
| Unified encoding for most of the world's [[writing system]]s. As first introduced in 1991 had 16 bits; extension to 21 bits came later.
|-
| [[KPS 9566]]
| 1993
|
| North Korean 2-byte character code set
|}

== See also ==
* [[ANSEL]]
* [[SBCS]] (single-byte character set)
* [[DBCS]] (double-byte character set)
* [[Triple-byte character set|TBCS]] (triple-byte character set)
* [[ITU T.61]]
* [[DEC Radix-50]]
* [[Cork encoding]]
* [[Prosigns for Morse code]]
* [[Telegraph code]]
* [[TV Typewriter]]
* [[SI 960]] (7-bit Hebrew ISO/IEC 646)
* [[Figure space]] (typographic unit equal to the size of a single typographic figure)
* [[Six-bit character code]]
* [[List of binary codes]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="BruXy_2005">{{cite web |title=BruXy: Radio Teletype communication |date=2005-10-10 |access-date=2016-05-09 |url=https://bruxy.regnet.cz/web/hamradio/EN/radio-teletype-communication/ |quote=The transmitted code use International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA-2) which was introduced by CCITT in 1924.}}</ref>
<ref name="Boerse_2010">{{Cite web |title=Enhanced Broadcast Solution – Interface Specification Final Version |publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]] |date=2010-05-17 |url=https://www9.deutsche-boerse.com/INTERNET/XETRA/x4_member.nsf/0/4502210270B32DA8C1257600005247F5/$FILE/MUI11010_EnBS_FinalVersion.pdf/MUI11010_EnBS_FinalVersion.pdf?OpenElement |access-date=2011-08-10}}</ref>
<ref name="Mackenzie_1980">{{cite book |url=https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf |title=Coded Character Sets, History and Development |series=The Systems Programming Series |author-last=Mackenzie |author-first=Charles E. |date=1980 |edition=1 |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.]] |isbn=978-0-201-14460-4 |lccn=77-90165 |access-date=2019-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526172151/https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf |archive-date=May 26, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="ASCII-1963">{{cite web |title=American Standard Code for Information Interchange, ASA X3.4-1963 |publisher=[[American Standards Association]] (ASA) |date=1963-06-17 |url=http://worldpowersystems.com/archives/codes/X3.4-1963/index.html |access-date=2014-05-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526195837/http://worldpowersystems.com/archives/codes/X3.4-1963/index.html |archive-date=2016-05-26 }}</ref>
<ref name="ASCII-1967">{{cite book |title=USA Standard Code for Information Interchange, USAS X3.4-1967 |publisher=[[United States of America Standards Institute]] (USASI) |date=July 7, 1967}}</ref>
<ref name="Winter_2010">{{cite web |title=US and International standards: ASCII |url=http://homepages.cwi.nl/~dik/english/codes/stand.html#ascii |author-first=Dik T. |author=Winter |date=2010 |orig-year=2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116001012/http://homepages.cwi.nl/~dik/english/codes/stand.html#ascii |archive-date=2010-01-16}}</ref>
<ref name="Salste_2016">{{cite web |title=7-bit character sets: Revisions of ASCII |author-first=Tuomas |author-last=Salste |publisher=Aivosto Oy |date=January 2016 |id={{URN|nbn|fi-fe201201011004}} |url=http://www.aivosto.com/vbtips/charsets-7bit.html#body |access-date=2016-06-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613145224/http://www.aivosto.com/vbtips/charsets-7bit.html#body |archive-date=2016-06-13}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.circuitousroot.com/artifice/telegraphy/tty/codes/index.html circuitousroot.com: Codes that Don't Count]

[[Category:Character sets]]
[[Category:Presentation layer protocols]]
[[Category:Computing-related lists|Character sets]]

List of information system character sets - Revision history

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